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Biochemistry
Biochemistry
? Phosphorylation cascade active when blood glucose low: "In the Phasted State Phosphorylate. "
? DNA expression into mature mRNA: "Exons expressed, Introns in the trash. "
? Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures. Purines are double ring structures: "Pyrimidines are CUT from purines." Pharmacology
? "One heart two lungs"
? beta receptor activity: Beta-1 primarily on heart; airway is beta-2 receptors Clinical
? CAUSES OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS:
? "GET SMASH'D"
? Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune(PAN), Scorpion bites, Hyperlipidemia, Drugs(azathioprine, diuretics)
? A-P-G-A-R:
? A - appearance (color)
? P - pulse (heart rate)
? G - grimmace (reflex, irritability)
? A - activity (muscle tone)
? R - respiratory effort
? Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia: Each of the MENs is a disease of three or two letters plus a feature.
? MEN I is a disease of 3 P's (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas) plus adrenal cortex
? MEN II is a disease of 2 C's(carcinoma of thyroid and catacholamines [pheochromocytoma]) plus parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB(aka MEN III)
? Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria--PMN infiltrate
? Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes--Mononuclear infiltrate
? Takayasu's diz = pulseless diz, therefore when you have Takayasu's, I can't Tak'a yu pulse.
? CAGE--alcohol use screening
? Have you ever felt it necessary to CUT DOWN on your drinking?
? Has anyone ever told you they were ANNOYED by your drinking?
? Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking?
? Have you ever felt the need to have a drink in the morning for an EYE OPENER?
? P-Q-R-S-T--eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms
? P--palliative or provocative factors for the pain
? Q--quality of pain(burning, stabbing, aching, etc.)
? R--region of body affected
? S--severity of pain(usually 1-10 scale)
? T--timing of pain(eg.-after meals, in the morning, etc.)
? A-S-C-L-A-S-T--eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms
? A--aggravatiing and alleviating factors
? S--severity
? C--character, quality
? L--location
? A--associated sx
? S--setting
? T--timing
? note: ASCLAST means let the patient talk first, then ask him/her specific questions
? Argyll-Robertson Pupil--syphilitic pupil: Accommodation reflex present, Pupillary reflex absent due to damage at pretectal area. Also called the "prostitute's pupil" (accommodates but does not react).
? The five W's--post-operative fever
? Wind--pneumonia, atelectasis
? Wound--wound infections
? Water--urinary tract infection
? Walking--walking can help reduce deep vein thromboses and pulmonary embolus
? Wonderdrugs--especially anesthesia
? Predisposing Conditions for Pulmonary Embolism: TOM SCHREPFER
? T--trauma
? O--obesity
? M--malignancy
? S--surgery
? C--cardiac disease
? H--hospitalization
? R--rest (bed-bound)
? E--estrogen, pregnancy, post-partum
? P--past hx
? F--fracture
? E--elderly
? R--road trip
? ARTERIAL OCCLUSION:
? pain
? pallor
? pulselessness
? paresthesias
? poikilothermia
? HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS: "Anna Cycled Immediately Downhill--Gell & Goombs" or "ACID."
? Type I Anaphylaxis
? Type II Cytotoxic-mediated
? Type III Immune-complex
? Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity
? WBC Count: "Never Let Mom Eat Beans" and "60, 30, 6, 3, 1"
? Neutrophils 60%
? Lymphocytes 30%
? Monocytes 6%
? Eosinophils 3%
? Basophils 1:
? Phosphorylation cascade active when blood glucose low: "In the Phasted State Phosphorylate. "
? DNA expression into mature mRNA: "Exons expressed, Introns in the trash. "
? Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures. Purines are double ring structures: "Pyrimidines are CUT from purines." Pharmacology
? "One heart two lungs"
? beta receptor activity: Beta-1 primarily on heart; airway is beta-2 receptors Clinical
? CAUSES OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS:
? "GET SMASH'D"
? Gallstones, Ethanol, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune(PAN), Scorpion bites, Hyperlipidemia, Drugs(azathioprine, diuretics)
? A-P-G-A-R:
? A - appearance (color)
? P - pulse (heart rate)
? G - grimmace (reflex, irritability)
? A - activity (muscle tone)
? R - respiratory effort
? Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia: Each of the MENs is a disease of three or two letters plus a feature.
? MEN I is a disease of 3 P's (pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreas) plus adrenal cortex
? MEN II is a disease of 2 C's(carcinoma of thyroid and catacholamines [pheochromocytoma]) plus parathyroid for MEN IIa or mucocutaneous neuromas for MEN IIB(aka MEN III)
? Acute pneumonia caused by Pyogenic bacteria--PMN infiltrate
? Acute pneumonia caused by Miscellaneous microbes--Mononuclear infiltrate
? Takayasu's diz = pulseless diz, therefore when you have Takayasu's, I can't Tak'a yu pulse.
? CAGE--alcohol use screening
? Have you ever felt it necessary to CUT DOWN on your drinking?
? Has anyone ever told you they were ANNOYED by your drinking?
? Have you ever felt GUILTY about your drinking?
? Have you ever felt the need to have a drink in the morning for an EYE OPENER?
? P-Q-R-S-T--eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms
? P--palliative or provocative factors for the pain
? Q--quality of pain(burning, stabbing, aching, etc.)
? R--region of body affected
? S--severity of pain(usually 1-10 scale)
? T--timing of pain(eg.-after meals, in the morning, etc.)
? A-S-C-L-A-S-T--eliciting and HPI and exploring symptoms
? A--aggravatiing and alleviating factors
? S--severity
? C--character, quality
? L--location
? A--associated sx
? S--setting
? T--timing
? note: ASCLAST means let the patient talk first, then ask him/her specific questions
? Argyll-Robertson Pupil--syphilitic pupil: Accommodation reflex present, Pupillary reflex absent due to damage at pretectal area. Also called the "prostitute's pupil" (accommodates but does not react).
? The five W's--post-operative fever
? Wind--pneumonia, atelectasis
? Wound--wound infections
? Water--urinary tract infection
? Walking--walking can help reduce deep vein thromboses and pulmonary embolus
? Wonderdrugs--especially anesthesia
? Predisposing Conditions for Pulmonary Embolism: TOM SCHREPFER
? T--trauma
? O--obesity
? M--malignancy
? S--surgery
? C--cardiac disease
? H--hospitalization
? R--rest (bed-bound)
? E--estrogen, pregnancy, post-partum
? P--past hx
? F--fracture
? E--elderly
? R--road trip
? ARTERIAL OCCLUSION:
? pain
? pallor
? pulselessness
? paresthesias
? poikilothermia
? HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS: "Anna Cycled Immediately Downhill--Gell & Goombs" or "ACID."
? Type I Anaphylaxis
? Type II Cytotoxic-mediated
? Type III Immune-complex
? Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity
? WBC Count: "Never Let Mom Eat Beans" and "60, 30, 6, 3, 1"
? Neutrophils 60%
? Lymphocytes 30%
? Monocytes 6%
? Eosinophils 3%
? Basophils 1:
