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Dementia: some common causes
Dementia: some common causes
DEMENTIA:
Diabetes Ethanol Medication Environmental (eg CO poisoning) Nutritional Trauma Infection Alzheimer's Whipple's disease: features [for neurologists]
A WHIPPLES DOOM
Arthralgias Whipplei (organism) Hypothalamic involvement Intestinal involvement/ Intestinal biopsy required PAS positive macrophages PCR positivity Lymphadenopathy Extrapyramidal involvement Septran treat with Dementia Ocular abnormalities (vertical gaze palsy) Oculomasticatory myorhythmia Myoclonus Neurofibromatosis: diagnostic criteria
ROLANDO:
Relative (1st degree) Osseous fibromas Lisch nodules in eyes Axillary freckling Neurofibromas Dime size cafe au lait spots Optic gliomas Visual loss: persistent bilateral sudden onset visual loss differential
FLOP:
Functional Leber's hereditary neuropathy Occipital infarctions Pituitary apoplexy Neurofibromatosis: diagnositic criteria (type-1)
CAFE SPOT:
Cafe-au-lait spots Axillary, inguinal freckling Fibroma Eye: lisch nodules Skeletal (bowing leg, etc) Pedigree/ Positive family history Optic Tumor (glioma) Babinski and LMN signs: conditions exhibiting them
"D MASTS":
Diabetes Motor neuron disease Ataxia (friedrichs) Subacute combined degeneration of cord Tabo paresis Syringobulbia Ramsay-Hunt syndrome: cause and common feature
"Ramsay Hunt":
? Etiology: Reactivated Herpes zoster
? Complication: Reduced Hearing Stroke risk factors
HEADS: Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia Elderly Atrial fib Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs (cocaine) Smoking/ Sex (male) Vertigo: differential
VOMITS:
Vestibulitis Ototoxic drugs Meniere's disease Injury Tumor Spin (benign positional vertigo) Encephalitis: differential
HE'S LATIN AMERICAN:
Herpesviridae
Enteroviridae (esp. Polio)
Slow viruses (esp. JC, prions) Syphilis
Legionella/ Lyme disease/ Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis
Aspergillus
Toxoplasmosis
Intracranial pressure
Neisseria meningitidis
Arboviridae
Measles/ Mumps/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ Mucor
E. coli
Rabies/ Rubella
Idiopathic
Cryptococcus/ Candida
Abscess
Neoplasm/ Neurocysticercosis ? Neurocysticercosis should be assumed with recent Latin American immigrant patient unless proven otherwise.
DEMENTIA:
Diabetes Ethanol Medication Environmental (eg CO poisoning) Nutritional Trauma Infection Alzheimer's Whipple's disease: features [for neurologists]
A WHIPPLES DOOM
Arthralgias Whipplei (organism) Hypothalamic involvement Intestinal involvement/ Intestinal biopsy required PAS positive macrophages PCR positivity Lymphadenopathy Extrapyramidal involvement Septran treat with Dementia Ocular abnormalities (vertical gaze palsy) Oculomasticatory myorhythmia Myoclonus Neurofibromatosis: diagnostic criteria
ROLANDO:
Relative (1st degree) Osseous fibromas Lisch nodules in eyes Axillary freckling Neurofibromas Dime size cafe au lait spots Optic gliomas Visual loss: persistent bilateral sudden onset visual loss differential
FLOP:
Functional Leber's hereditary neuropathy Occipital infarctions Pituitary apoplexy Neurofibromatosis: diagnositic criteria (type-1)
CAFE SPOT:
Cafe-au-lait spots Axillary, inguinal freckling Fibroma Eye: lisch nodules Skeletal (bowing leg, etc) Pedigree/ Positive family history Optic Tumor (glioma) Babinski and LMN signs: conditions exhibiting them
"D MASTS":
Diabetes Motor neuron disease Ataxia (friedrichs) Subacute combined degeneration of cord Tabo paresis Syringobulbia Ramsay-Hunt syndrome: cause and common feature
"Ramsay Hunt":
? Etiology: Reactivated Herpes zoster
? Complication: Reduced Hearing Stroke risk factors
HEADS: Hypertension/ Hyperlipidemia Elderly Atrial fib Diabetes mellitus/ Drugs (cocaine) Smoking/ Sex (male) Vertigo: differential
VOMITS:
Vestibulitis Ototoxic drugs Meniere's disease Injury Tumor Spin (benign positional vertigo) Encephalitis: differential
HE'S LATIN AMERICAN:
Herpesviridae
Enteroviridae (esp. Polio)
Slow viruses (esp. JC, prions) Syphilis
Legionella/ Lyme disease/ Lymphocytic meningoencephalitis
Aspergillus
Toxoplasmosis
Intracranial pressure
Neisseria meningitidis
Arboviridae
Measles/ Mumps/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis/ Mucor
E. coli
Rabies/ Rubella
Idiopathic
Cryptococcus/ Candida
Abscess
Neoplasm/ Neurocysticercosis ? Neurocysticercosis should be assumed with recent Latin American immigrant patient unless proven otherwise.
