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Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases BLAB:
Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases BLAB:
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain Chest radiograph: checklist to examine ABCDEFGHI:
Aorta
Bronchus
Cord, spinal
Diaphragm (look for hyperinflation)
Eosphagus (look for foreign body)
Fracture (ribs)
Gas (look for pneumothorax)
Heart (look for cardiomegaly)
Iatrogenic (subclavian line, pacemakers)
Upper lobe shadowing: causes BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist ABCD:
Anterior: look for swelling
Bones: examine each bone for fractures
Cartilage: look for slipped discs
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
Mole: signs of trouble ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Diameter usually > 0.5cm
Elevation irregular Head CT scan: evaluation checklist "Blood Can Be Very Bad":
Blood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone Dermatomyositis or polymyositis: risk of underlying malignancy Risk is 30% at age 30.
Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on. Chest radiograph: checklist to examine "Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Objects (eg. lines, electrodes)
Rotation
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Soft tissues and bones
Air (diaphragm, pneumothorax, subcut. emphysema) Pituitary endocrine functions often affected by pituitary-associated tumor "Go Look For the Adenoma Please":
? Tropic hormones affected by growth tumor are:
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
Osteoarthritis: x-ray signs LOSS:
Loss of joint space
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Superior vena cava syndrome
Paralysis of diaphragm (Phrenic nerve)
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness
Anterior mediastinal masses 4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
T-cell / Hodgkin's lymphoma TIGAN (Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride): indication TIGAN:
This Is Good Against Nausea
Prognotic factors for cancer: general PROGNOSIS:
Presentation (time & course)
Response to treatment
Old (bad prog.)
Good intervention (i.e. early)
Non-compliance with treatment
Order of differentiation (>1 cell type)
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
Chest x-ray: differential diagnoses of shadow on the upper zones of lung fields 5 Ts:
Thymoma
Thyroid (retrosternal)
Tuberculosis
Terrible lymphoma
Teratoma
Chest X-ray: cavitating lesions differential "If you see HOLES on chest X-ray, they are WEIRD":
Wegener's syndrome
Embolic (pulmonary, septic)
Infection (anaerobes, pneumocystis, TB)
Rheumatoid (necrobiotic nodules)
Developmental cysts (sequestration)
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid T2 vs. T1 MRI scan "WW 2" (World War II):
? Water is White in a T2 scan.
? Conversely, a T1 scan shows fat as being whiter. Elbow ossification centers, in sequence CRITOE:
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
? In order: appear at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 years; each closes 2 years later. MR imaging/ spectroscopy: important metabolites "Lying Lazy No Good Crooks Collected My insurance":
Lipid: abnormal
Lactate: abnormal
NAA
Glutamine/glutamate
Creatinine/phosphocreatinine
Choline containing compounds
Myoinositol Esophageal cancer: risk factors ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
Bone
Liver
Adrenals
Brain Chest radiograph: checklist to examine ABCDEFGHI:
Aorta
Bronchus
Cord, spinal
Diaphragm (look for hyperinflation)
Eosphagus (look for foreign body)
Fracture (ribs)
Gas (look for pneumothorax)
Heart (look for cardiomegaly)
Iatrogenic (subclavian line, pacemakers)
Upper lobe shadowing: causes BREASTS:
Beryllium
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB
Siliconiosis Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist ABCD:
Anterior: look for swelling
Bones: examine each bone for fractures
Cartilage: look for slipped discs
Dark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood
Mole: signs of trouble ABCDE:
Asymmetry
Border irregular
Colour irregular
Diameter usually > 0.5cm
Elevation irregular Head CT scan: evaluation checklist "Blood Can Be Very Bad":
Blood
Cistern
Brain
Ventricles
Bone Dermatomyositis or polymyositis: risk of underlying malignancy Risk is 30% at age 30.
Risk is 40% at age 40, and so on. Chest radiograph: checklist to examine "Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus She Arouses":
Patient details
Film details
Objects (eg. lines, electrodes)
Rotation
Penetration
Expansion
Vessels
Hila
Costophrenic angles
Mediastinum
Cardiothoracic Ratio
Soft tissues and bones
Air (diaphragm, pneumothorax, subcut. emphysema) Pituitary endocrine functions often affected by pituitary-associated tumor "Go Look For the Adenoma Please":
? Tropic hormones affected by growth tumor are:
GnRH
LSH
FSH
ACTH
Prolactin function
Osteoarthritis: x-ray signs LOSS:
Loss of joint space
Osteopyhtes
Subcondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Superior vena cava syndrome
Paralysis of diaphragm (Phrenic nerve)
Ectopic hormones
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
Clubbing
Horner syndrome/ Hoarseness
Anterior mediastinal masses 4 T's:
Teratoma
Thymoma
Testicular-type
T-cell / Hodgkin's lymphoma TIGAN (Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride): indication TIGAN:
This Is Good Against Nausea
Prognotic factors for cancer: general PROGNOSIS:
Presentation (time & course)
Response to treatment
Old (bad prog.)
Good intervention (i.e. early)
Non-compliance with treatment
Order of differentiation (>1 cell type)
Stage of disease
Ill health
Spread (diffuse)
Chest x-ray: differential diagnoses of shadow on the upper zones of lung fields 5 Ts:
Thymoma
Thyroid (retrosternal)
Tuberculosis
Terrible lymphoma
Teratoma
Chest X-ray: cavitating lesions differential "If you see HOLES on chest X-ray, they are WEIRD":
Wegener's syndrome
Embolic (pulmonary, septic)
Infection (anaerobes, pneumocystis, TB)
Rheumatoid (necrobiotic nodules)
Developmental cysts (sequestration)
Histiocytosis
Oncological
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Environmental, occupational
Sarcoid T2 vs. T1 MRI scan "WW 2" (World War II):
? Water is White in a T2 scan.
? Conversely, a T1 scan shows fat as being whiter. Elbow ossification centers, in sequence CRITOE:
Capitellum
Radial head
Internal epicondyle
Trochlea
Olecranon
External epicondyle
? In order: appear at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 years; each closes 2 years later. MR imaging/ spectroscopy: important metabolites "Lying Lazy No Good Crooks Collected My insurance":
Lipid: abnormal
Lactate: abnormal
NAA
Glutamine/glutamate
Creatinine/phosphocreatinine
Choline containing compounds
Myoinositol Esophageal cancer: risk factors ABCDEF:
Achalasia
Barret's esophagus
Corrosive esophagitis
Diverticuliis
Esophageal web
Familial
